This account was believed and loved by early
Christians. It may give some of you an inkling of why Catholics
honor Mary as they do.
Catholics pray to Mary for intercession. However, they only pray to
Jesus for the remission of their sins and for their salvation. The
prayer "Hail Mary" ends with: "Holy Mary mother of God, Pray for us
sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen"
Belief that Mary has been taken up and is now in heaven with both
her body and her soul has been part of the teaching of the Catholic
Church since the earliest centuries of Christianity. The strongest
evidence for the belief of the early Christians is found in ancient
liturgies and in homilies in honor of Mary's passing. A second
source, widely spread in the Middle Ages is known as the Transitus
writings.
By the end of the Middle Ages, belief in Mary's Assumption into
heaven was well established theologically and part of the devotional
expressions of the people. The word Assumption comes from the Latin
verb assumere, meaning "to take to oneself." Our Lord, Jesus Christ
took Mary home to himself where he is.
For the ex-Catholic monk and Protestant Martin Luther, Mary's
Assumption was an understood fact, as his homily of 1522 indicates,
in spite of the fact that Mary's Assumption is not expressly
reported in Sacred scripture. For Protestant reformer, Martin Butzer
(1545), there was no reason to doubt about the Assumption of the
Virgin into heavenly glory. "Indeed, no Christian doubts that the
most worthy Mother of the Lord lives with her beloved Son in
heavenly joy." (Marienlexikon, vol l3, 200)
H. Bullinger (1590), also a Protestant reformer, sought for a
theological foundation for the Assumption in scripture. He showed
that the Old Testament tells of Elias, taken to heaven bodily to
teach us about our immortality, and – because of our immortal soul –
to respectfully honor the bodies of the saints. Against this
backdrop he states, "Because of this, we believe that the pure
immaculate chamber of the God-bearer, the Virgin Mary, is a temple
of the Holy Spirit, that is her holy body, borne by angels into
heaven." (Marienlexikon, vol l3, 200)
In the light of a long history of Christian belief since patristic
times, in 1950, Pope Pius XII defined Mary's Assumption into Heaven
as a dogma of Roman Catholicism:
"the Immaculate Mother of God, the ever Virgin Mary, having
completed the course of her earthly life, was assumed body and soul
into heaven."
The proclamation of this dogma is found in the encyclical:
Munificentissimus Deus.
In the early 6th century, a papal decree, Decretum Gelasianum,
classified the Transitus Mariae writings as apocryphal, but this did
not hinder the wide distribution of well over 1300 manuscr1pts
throughout the West.
The Account of St. John the Theologian
of the Dormition of the Holy Mother of God
AS THE ALL-HOLY glorious Mother of God and ever-virgin Mary, as was
her wont, was going to the holy tomb of our Lord to burn incense,
and bending her holy knees, she was importunate that Christ our God
who had been born of her should return to her. And the Jews, seeing
her lingering by the divine sepulcher, came to the chief priests,
saying: Mary goes every day to the tomb. And the chief priests,
having summoned the guards set by them not to allow any one to pray
at the holy sepulcher, inquired about her, whether in truth it were
so. And the guards answered and said that they had seen no such
thing, God having not allowed them to see her when there. And on one
of the days, it being the preparation, the holy Mary, as was her
wont, came to the sepulcher; and while she was praying, it came to
pass that the heavens were opened, and the archangel Gabriel came
down to her and said: Hail, thou that didst bring forth Christ our
God! Thy prayer having come through to the heavens to Him who was
born of thee, has been accepted; and from this time, according to
thy request, thou having left the world, shall go to the heavenly
places to thy Son, into the true and everlasting life.
And having heard this from the holy archangel, she returned to holy
Bethlehem, having along with her three virgins who ministered unto
her. And after having rested a short time, she sat up and said to
the virgins: Bring me a censer, that I may pray. And they brought
it, as they had been commanded. And she prayed, saying: My Lord
Jesus Christ, who didst deign through Thy supreme goodness to be
born of me, hear my voice, and send me Thy apostle John, in order
that, seeing him, I may partake of joy; and send me also the rest of
Thy apostles, both those who have already gone to Thee, and those in
the world that now is, in whatever country they may be, through Thy
holy commandment, in order that, having beheld them, I may bless Thy
name much to be praised; for I am confident that Thou hearest Thy
servant in everything.
And while she was praying, I John came, the Holy Spirit having
snatched me up by a cloud from Ephesus, and set me in the place
where the mother of my Lord was lying. And having gone in beside
her, and glorified Him who had been born of her, I said: Hail,
mother of my Lord, who didst bring forth Christ our God, rejoice
that in great glory thou art going out of this life. And the holy
mother of God glorified God, because I John had come to her,
remembering the voice of the Lord, saying: Behold thy mother, and,
Behold thy son. And the three virgins came and worshipped. And the
holy mother of God says to me: Pray, and cast incense. And I prayed
thus: Lord Jesus Christ, who hast done wonderful things, now also do
wonderful things before her who brought Thee forth; and let Thy
mother depart from this life; and let those who crucified Thee, and
who have not believed in Thee, be confounded. And after I had ended
the prayer, holy Mary said to me: Bring me the censer. And having
cast incense, she said, Glory to Thee, my God and my Lord, because
there has been fulfilled in me whatsoever Thou didst promise to me
before thou didst ascend into the heavens, that when I should depart
from this world Thou wouldst come to me, and the multitude of Thine
angels, with glory. And I John say to her: Jesus Christ our Lord and
our God is coming, and thou seest Him, as He promised to thee. And
the holy mother of God answered and said to me: The Jews have sworn
that after I have died they will burn my body. And I answered and
said to her: Thy holy and precious body will by no means see
corruption. And she answered and said to me: Bring a censer, and
cast incense, and pray. And there came a voice out of the heavens
saying the Amen. And I John heard this voice; and the Holy Spirit
said to me: John, hast thou heard this voice that spoke in the
heaven after the prayer was ended? And I answered and said: Yes, I
heard. And the Holy Spirit said to me: This voice which thou didst
hear denotes that the appearance of thy brethren the apostles is at
hand, and of the holy powers that they are coming hither to-day. And
at this I John prayed.
And the Holy Spirit said to the apostles: Let all of you together,
having come by the clouds from the ends of the world, be assembled
to holy Bethlehem by a whirlwind, on account of the mother of our
Lord Jesus Christ; Peter from Rome, Paul from Tiberia, Thomas from
Hither India, James from Jerusalem. Andrew, Peter's brother, and
Philip, Luke, and Simon the Cananaean, and Thaddaeus who had fallen
asleep, were raised by the Holy Spirit out of their tombs; to whom
the Holy Spirit said: Do not think that it is now the resurrection;
but on this account you have risen out of your tombs, that you may
go to give greeting to the honor and wonder-working of the mother
of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, because the day of her
departure is at hand, of her going up into the heavens. And Mark
likewise coming round, was present from Alexandria; he also with the
rest, as has been said before, from each country. And Peter being
lifted up by a cloud, stood between heaven and earth, the Holy
Spirit keeping him steady. And at the same time, the rest of the
apostles also, having been snatched up in clouds, were found along
with Peter. And thus by the Holy Spirit, as has been said, they all
came together.
And having gone in beside the mother of our Lord and God, and having
adored, we said: Fear not, nor grieve; God the Lord, who was born of
thee, will take thee out of this world with glory. And rejoicing in
God her Savior, she sat up in the bed, and says to the apostles:
Now have I believed that our Master and God is coming from heaven,
and I shall behold Him, and thus depart from this life, as I have
seen that you have come. And I wish you to tell me how you knew that
I was departing and came to me, and from what countries and through
what distance you have come hither, that you have thus made haste to
visit me. For neither has He who was born of me, our Lord Jesus
Christ, the God of the universe, concealed it; for I am persuaded
even now that He is the Son of the Most High.
And Peter answered and said to the apostles: Let us each, according
to what the Holy Spirit announced and commanded us, give full
information to the mother of our Lord. And I John answered and said:
Just as I was going in to the holy altar in Ephesus to perform
divine service, the Holy Spirit says to me, The time of the
departure of the mother of thy Lord is at hand; go to Bethlehem to
salute her. And a cloud of light snatched me up, and set me down in
the door where thou art lying. Peter also answered: And I, living in
Rome, about dawn heard a voice through the Holy Spirit saying to me,
The mother of thy Lord is to depart, as the time is at hand; go to
Bethlehem to salute her. And, behold, a cloud of light snatched me
up; and I beheld also the other apostles coming to me on clouds, and
a voice saying to me, Go all to Bethlehem. And Paul also answered
and said: And I, living in a city at no great distance from Rome,
called the country of Tiberia, heard the Holy Spirit saying to me,
The mother of thy Lord, having left this world, is making her course
to the celestial regions through her departure; but go thou also to
Bethlehem to salute her. And, behold, a cloud of light having
snatched me up, set me down in the same place as you. And Thomas
also answered and said: And I, traversing the country of the
Indians, when the preaching was prevailing by the grace of Christ,
and the king's sister's son Labdanus by name, was about to be sealed
by me in the palace, on a sudden the Holy Spirit says to me, Do thou
also, Thomas, go to Bethlehem to salute the mother of thy Lord,
because she is taking her departure to the heavens. And a cloud of
light having snatched me up, set me down beside you. And Mark also
answered and said: And when I was finishing the canon of the third
day in the city of Alexandria, just as I was praying, the Holy
Spirit snatched me up, and brought me to you. And James also
answered and said: While I was in Jerusalem, the Holy Spirit
commanded me, saying, Go to Bethlehem, because the mother of thy
Lord is taking her departure. And, behold, a cloud of light having
snatched me up, set me beside you. And Matthew also answered and
said: I have glorified and do glorify God, because when I was in a
boat and overtaken by a storm, the sea raging with its waves, on a
sudden a cloud of light overshadowing the stormy billow, changed it
to a calm, and having snatched me up, set me down beside you. And
those who had come before likewise answered, and gave an account of
how they had come. And Bartholomew said: I was in the Thebais
proclaiming the word, and behold the Holy Spirit says to me, The
mother of thy Lord is taking her departure; go, then, to salute her
in Bethlehem. And, behold, a cloud of light having snatched me up,
brought me to you.
The apostles said all these things to the holy mother of God, why
they had come, and in what way; and she stretched her hands to
heaven and prayed, saying: I adore, and praise, and glorify Thy much
to he praised name, O Lord, because Thou hast looked upon the
lowliness of Thine handmaiden, and because Thou that art mighty hast
done great things for me; and, behold, all generations shall count
me blessed. And after the prayer she said to the apostles: Cast
incense, and pray. And when they had prayed, there was thunder from
heaven, and there came a fearful voice, as if of chariots; and,
behold, a multitude of a host of angels and powers, and a voice, as
if of the Son of man, was heard, and the seraphim in a circle round
the house where the holy, spotless mother of God and virgin was
lying, so that all who were in Bethlehem beheld all the wonderful
things, and came to Jerusalem and reported all the wonderful things
that had come to pass. And it came to pass, when the voice was
heard, that the sun and the moon suddenly appeared about the house;
and an assembly of the first-born saints stood beside the house
where the mother of the Lord was lying, for her honor and glory.
And I beheld also that many signs came to pass, the blind seeing,
the deaf hearing, the lame walking, lepers cleansed, and those
possessed by unclean spirits cured; and every one who was under
disease and sickness, touching the outside of the wall of the house
where she was lying, cried out: Holy Mary, who didst bring forth
Christ our God, have mercy upon us. And they were straightway cured.
And great multitudes out of every country living in Jerusalem for
the sake of prayer, having heard of the signs that had come to pass
in Bethlehem through the mother of the Lord, came to the place
seeking the cure of various diseases, which also they obtained. And
there was joy unspeakable on that day among the multitude of those
who had been cured, as well as of those who looked on, glorifying
Christ our God and His mother. And all Jerusalem from Bethlehem kept
festival with psalms and spiritual songs.
And the priests of the Jews, along with their people, were
astonished at the things which had come to pass; and being moved
with the heaviest hatred, and again with frivolous reasoning, having
made an assembly, they determine to send against the holy mother of
God and the holy apostles who were there in Bethlehem. And
accordingly the multitude of the Jews, having directed their course
to Bethlehem, when at the distance of one mile it came to pass that
they beheld a frightful vision, and their feet were held fast; and
after this they returned to their fellow-countrymen, and reported
all the frightful vision to the chief priests. And they, still more
boiling with rage, go to the procurator, crying out and saying: The
nation of the Jews has been ruined by this woman; chase her from
Bethlehem and the province of Jerusalem. And the procurator,
astonished at the wonderful things, said to them: I will chase her
neither from Bethlehem nor from any other place. And the Jews
continued crying out, and adjuring him by the health of Tiberius
Caesar to bring the apostles out of Bethlehem. And if you do not do
so, we shall report it to the Caesar. Accordingly, being compelled,
he sends a tribune of the soldiers against the apostles to
Bethlehem. And the Holy Spirit says to the apostles and the mother
of the Lord: Behold, the procurator has sent a tribune against you,
the Jews having made an uproar. Go forth therefore from Bethlehem,
and fear not: for, behold, by a cloud I shall bring you to
Jerusalem; for the power of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy
Spirit is with you. The apostles therefore rose up immediately, and
went forth from the house, carrying the bed of the Lady the mother
of God, and directed their course to Jerusalem; and immediately, as
the Holy Spirit had said, being lifted up by a cloud, they were
found in Jerusalem in the horse of the Lady. And they stood up, and
for five days made an unceasing singing of praise. And when the
tribune came to Bethlehem, and found there neither the mother of the
Lord nor the apostles, he laid hold of the Bethlehemites, saying to
them: Did you not come telling the procurator and the priests all
the signs and wonders that had come to pass, and how the apostles
had come out of every country? Where are they, then? Come, go to the
procurator at Jerusalem. For the tribune did not know of the
departure of the apostles and the Lord's mother to Jerusalem. The
tribune then, having taken the Bethlehemites, went in to the
procurator, saying that he had found no one. And after five days it
was known to the procurator, and the priests. and all the city, that
the Lord's mother was in her own house in Jerusalem, along with the
apostles, from the signs and wonders that came to pass there. And a
multitude of men and women and virgins came together, and cried out:
Holy virgin, that didst bring forth Christ our God, do not forget
the generation of men. And when these things came to pass, the
people of the Jews, with the priests also, being the more moved with
hatred, took wood and fire, and came up, wishing to burn the house
where the Lord's mother was living with the apostles. And the
procurator stood looking at the sight from afar off. And when the
people of the Jews came to the door of the house, behold, suddenly a
power of fire coming forth from within, by means of an angel, burnt
up a great multitude of the Jews. And there was great fear
throughout all the city; and they glorified God, who had been born
of her. And when the procurator saw what had come to pass, he cried
out to all the people, saying: Truly he who was born of the virgin,
whom you have thought of driving away, is the Son of God; for these
signs are those of the true God. And there was a division among the
Jews; and many believed in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, in
consequence of the signs that had come to pass.
And after all these wonderful things had come to pass through the
mother of God, and ever-virgin Mary the mother of the Lord, while we
the apostles were with her in Jerusalem, the Holy Spirit said to us:
You know that on the Lord's day the good news was brought to the
Virgin Mary by the archangel Gabriel; and on the Lord's day the
Savior was born in Bethlehem; and on the Lord's day the children of
Jerusalem came forth with palm branches to meet him, saying, Hosanna
in the highest, blessed is He that cometh in the name of the Lord;
and on the Lord's day He rose from the dead; and on the Lord's day
He will come to judge the living and the dead; and on the Lord's day
He will come out of heaven, to the glory and honor of the departure
of the holy glorious virgin who brought Him forth. And on the same
Lord's day the mother of the Lord says to the apostles: Cast
incense, because Christ is coming with a host of angels; and,
behold, Christ is at hand, sitting on a throne of cherubim. And
while we were all praying, there appeared innumerable multitudes of
angels, and the Lord mounted upon cherubim in great power; and,
behold, a stream of light coming to the holy virgin, because of the
presence of her only-begotten Son, and all the powers of the heavens
fell down and adored Him. And the Lord, speaking to His mother,
said: Mary. And she answered and said: Here am I, Lord. And the Lord
said to her: Grieve not, but let thy heart rejoice and be glad; for
thou hast found grace to behold the glory given to me by my Father.
And the holy mother of God looked up, and saw in Him a glory which
it is impossible for the mouth of man to speak of, or to apprehend.
And the Lord remained beside her, saying: Behold, from the present
time thy precious body will be transferred to paradise, and thy holy
soul to the heavens to the treasures of my Father in exceeding
brightness, where there is peace and joy of the holy angels,--and
other things besides. And the mother of the Lord answered and said
to him: Lay Thy right hand upon me, O Lord, and bless me. And the
Lord stretched forth His undefiled right hand, and blessed her. And
she laid hold of His undefiled right hand, and kissed it, saying: I
adore this right hand, which created the heaven and the earth; and I
call upon Thy much to be praised name Christ, O God, the King of the
ages, the only-begotten of the Father, to receive Thine handmaid,
Thou who didst deign to be brought forth by me, in a low estate, to
save the race of men through Thine ineffable dispensation; do Thou
bestow Thine aid upon every man calling upon, or praying to, or
naming the the name of, Thine handmaid. And while she is saying
this, the apostles, having gone up to her feet and adored, say: O
mother of the Lord, leave a blessing to the world, since thou art
going away from it. For thou hast blessed it, and raised it up when
it was ruined, by bringing forth the Light of the world. And the
mother of the Lord prayed, and in her prayer spoke thus: O God, who
through Thy great goodness hast sent from the heavens Thine
only-begotten Son to dwell in my humble body, who hast deigned to be
born of me, humble as I am, have mercy upon the world, and every
soul that calls upon Thy name. And again she prayed, and said: O
Lord, King of the heavens, Son of the living God, accept every man
who calls upon Thy name, that Thy birth may be glorified. And again
she prayed, and said: O Lord Jesus Christ, who art all-powerful in
heaven and on earth, in this appeal I implore Thy holy name; in
every time and place where there is made mention of my name, make
that place holy, and glorify those that glorify Thee through my
name, accepting of such persons all their offering, and all their
supplication, and all their prayer. And when she had thus prayed,
the Lord said to His mother: Let thy heart rejoice and be glad; for
every favour and every gift has been given to thee from my Father in
heaven, and from me, and from the Holy Spirit: every soul that calls
upon thy name shall not be ashamed, but shall find mercy, and
comfort, and support, and confidence, both in the world that now is,
and in that which is to come, in the presence of my Father in the
heavens.
And the Lord turned and said to Peter: The time has come to begin
the singing of the hymn. And Peter having begun the singing of the
hymn, all the powers of the heavens responded with the Alleluiah.
And then the face of the mother of the Lord shone brighter than the
light, and she rose up and blessed each of the apostles with her own
hand, and all gave glory to God; and the Lord stretched forth His
undefiled hands, and received her holy and blameless soul. And with
the departure of her blameless soul the place was filled with
perfume and ineffable light; and, behold, a voice out of the heaven
was heard, saying: Blessed art thou among women. And Peter, and I
John, and Paul, and Thomas, ran and wrapped up her precious feet for
the consecration; and the twelve apostles put her precious and holy
body upon a couch, and carried it. And, behold, while they were
carrying her, a certain well-born Hebrew, Jephonias by name, running
against the body, put his hands upon the couch; and, behold, an
angel of the Lord by invisible power, with a sword of fire, cut off
his two hands from his shoulders, and made them hang about the
couch, lifted up in the air. And at this miracle which had come to
pass all the people of the Jews who beheld it cried out: Verily, He
that was brought forth by thee is the true God, O mother of God,
ever-virgin Mary. And Jephonias himself, when Peter ordered him,
that the wonderful things of God might be showed forth, stood up
behind the couch, and cried out: Holy Mary, who broughtest forth
Christ who is God, have mercy upon me. And Peter turned and said to
him: In the name of Him who was born of her, thy hands which have
been taken away from thee, will be fixed on again. And immediately,
at the word of Peter, the hands hanging by the couch of the Lady
came, and were fixed on Jephonias. And he believed, and glorified
Christ, God who had been born of her.
And when this miracle had been done, the apostles carried the couch,
and laid down her precious and holy body in Gethsemane in a new
tomb. And, behold, a perfume of sweet savor came forth out of the
holy sepulcher of our Lady the mother of God; and for three days the
voices of invisible angels were heard glorifying Christ our God, who
had been born of her. And when the third day was ended, the voices
were no longer heard; and from that time forth all knew that her
spotless and precious body had been transferred to paradise.
And after it had been transferred, behold, we see Elisabeth the
mother of St. John the Baptist, and Anna the mother of the Lady, and
Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and David, singing the Alleluia, and
all the choirs of the saints adoring the holy relics of the mother
of the Lord, and the place full of light, than which light nothing
could be more brilliant, and an abundance of perfume in that place
to which her precious and holy body had been transferred in
paradise, and the melody of those praising Him who had been born of
her--sweet melody, of which there is no satiety, such as is given to
virgins, and them only, to hear. We apostles, therefore, having
beheld the sudden precious translation of her holy body, glorified
God, who had shown us His wonders at the departure of the mother of
our Lord Jesus Christ, whose prayers and good offices may we all be
deemed worthy to receive. under her shelter, and support, and
protection, both in the world that now is and in that which is to
come, glorifying in every time and place her only-begotten Son,
along with the Father and the Holy Spirit, for ever and ever. Amen.
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